Thermostatic mixer for liquids



July 29, 1947. R. c. KIRCHHOFF v THERMOSTATIC MIXER FOR LIQUIDS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 29, 1945 :6 My NW NW y 9, 1947. R. c. KIRCHHOFF 2,424,891

THERMOSTATIC MIXER FOR LIQUIDS Filed Dec. 29, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 V Patented July 29, 1947 'rnaamos'rn'rrc MIXER FOB mourns Richard Carl Kirchhofl', Chicago, Ill., assignor to The Powers Regulator Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application December 29, 1943, Serial No. 516,038

9 Claims.

This invention pertains to control mechanism and more particularly, to piston type pilot operated control mechanism for water or other liquids.

There are many water installations where it is desirable to control the temperature of the water delivered and wherewater of diflerent tempera- Another object oi the invention is to provide tures is mixed prior to delivery. For example, a mixing valve assembly having main control where gang showers are used, it is sometimes devalves and pilot valves. the assembly being prosirable to regulate the temperatures of banks of vlded with control means indirectly controlling said showers so that water of only a certain tem-' the operation 0! the main valves by operation 01 perature can be delivered. Also, in institutions the pilot valves. I where therapeutic work is carried on, this type Another object of the invention is to provide of control also may be desirable. a mixing valve operable to deliver liquid at a. pre- There are two types of regulating valves on the determined temperature which is not susceptible market at the present time, One type is the bel- 15 to fluctuation due to temperature .or pressure lows or diaphragm control member type in which changes. the control member is provided with temperature Another object of the invention is to provide a sensitive liquid therein, which is affected by the mixing valve which is always stable in its operatemperature of the water supplied to the valve. tion, that is, prevents any substantial hunting There is an objection to this type, in that should action from being set up. the control liquid leak out of the control mem- Another object of the invention is to provide a her, there is a tendency to deliver only hot water. mixing valve wherein any change in pressure of Further, when the amount oi water delivered is the liquid delivered to the valve is neutralized varied, there is need for different size control and does not afiect materially the delivered mixmembers for the control means, because if only ture. one size member is used, there is a tendency for Another object of the invention'is to provide a hunting condition to occur on the smaller flows. a mixing valve wherein a balanced control is at- Additionally, where the bellows type of mixing tainedwithout the use of double seated valves valve is-used and where high pressures are hanand, therefore, the. valves are capable oi attaindied,- the controls must be large and consequently ing a tight shut-on condition. heavy. For example, in avalve having a capacity Another object of the invention is to provide of 100 gallons per minute, the weight of the valve a mixing valve of large capacity, relatively simple amounts to approximately 100 pounds. With construction with a wide range of positive-p8 valves embodying the herein disclosed inventions, iormance. i this weight is reduced to approximately25 ounds With these and various other objects in view, with the attendant saving in cost. the invention may consist of certain novel fea- The second type of regulating valve which is tures of construction and operation as will be at present used, makes use of a bi-metallic strip more fully described and particularly pointed out or coil for directly operating the control valves, in th specification, drawings and claims ap but where this is done only a small valve can pended hereto, be controlled, as the bi-metallic coil is relatively In the drawings, which illustrate an embodiweak and only a slide type of valve can be used, ment of the device and wherein like reference which tends to stick and become inoperative. characters are used to designate like parts- In neither of these types can a balanced con- Figure 1 is a transverse sectional elevation of trol be obtained. Theoretically, a balanced conon form of mixing valve assembly embodying trol might be obtained by the use of a double the invention, the section being taken substanseated valve, but actually this cannot be comtially in the plane as indicated by the line i-l mercially done, because it is extremely diiiicult of Figure 2, this form of valve assemblybeing to cause the valves to seat at the same time under designated as the movable pilot type; all temperature conditions. For example, if this Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation seated condition can be attained when the valves of the valv assembly shown in Figure 1, the secare cold, it cannot be attained when the valves ti being taken substantially in the plane as are hot. indicated by the line 2-2 of Figure 1;

It is, therefore, an object of this invention to Figure 3 is a transverse sectional elevation of provide a control valve assembly wherein the temperature sensitive means does not directly oper-' ate the control valv or valves.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mixing valve assembly adapted to be of light weight, yet capable of handling high flows.

a modified form of mixing valve assembly em- Referring first of all to the valve assembly 11:3

lustrated in Figures 1 and 2, termed the movabl pilot valve type of water control, the construction consists essentially of the valve housing or casing I6 having the cold water inlet I2, the hot water inlet I4 and the tempered water outlet I6. The inlets I2 and I4 are adapted to be connected through suitable piping-(not shown) to their respective sources or supply, and the outlet I6 is adapted to be connected to suitable dispensing means (not shown). The housing is provided with a cold water piston cylinder I6 and the hot water piston cylinder 26, said cylinders being respectively closed by caps 22 and 24 and respectively having mounted therein the cold water piston 26 and the hot'water piston 26, said pistons and cylinders forming, respectively, the cold water piston chamber 26 and-the hot water pistonchamber 22,

The pistons .26 and 26 are respectively provided with the cold water valve 34 and the hot water valve '36 connected to said pistons by means of the stems 66 and 46. The valves 34 and 36 are adapted to be'seated on seats 42 and respectively, the seats being separated by means or. a wall 46 whereby a cold water chamber 46 and a hot water chamber 66 isprovided.

The pistons 26 and 26 are so fitted that leakage occurs around the skirts thereof into the chambers 66 and 62, Piston 26, stem 66 and valve 34 are provided with a channel 62 extending therethrough and piston 26, stein 46 and valve 66 are provided with channel 64 extending therethrou'gh. .The valve 64 is provided with the vertical tube 66 communicating with the-channel 52 and being carried by the valve and piston assembly 64,-, said tube extending upwardly into the return bend 66, said bend being provided with a bleed port tube 66 providedwith the bleed port 62.

The valve 36 is provided with the vertical tube 64 communicating with the channel 64 and extending upwardly into thereturn bend 66. The return bend is provided with the hot' water bleed port tube 66 having the hot water bleed port I6. providedtherein. The tubes 66 and 66, respectively, are provided with the bleed orpilot valve members I2 and "I4 adapted to have cooperative engagementwith the ports 62- and 16 of the tubes 66 and 68, a

The housing I6 is provided with the end closure or bonnet I6 in which the control shaft I8 is icurnaled, the control shaft being non-rotatably provided with the temperature adjusting handle 66 disposed outwardly of said bonnet and being rotatable between two positions determining the degree of temperature of the liquid delivered. The extreme positions of the handle are determined by engagement between the stop 62 provided on the handle and the stop 84 provided on the bonnet. The handle is provided with the index BI readable against a dial (not shown) provided on the cover plate 63.

Stufilng box 86 is provided on the bonnet and the shaft I8 is provided with a gear 88 disposed inwardly of the housing and meshing with gear 96 non-rotatably provided on the bushing 92.

A spring 64 is interposed between the gear 66 and the bonnet to take up any lost motion between gears 66 and 66.

The bushing 62' is rotatably mounted on the pin '66 carried by the bonnet, said'pin "being provided with a smaller projection 96 on which the bushing I66 is rotatably mounted. The bushing I66 is non-rotatably provided with a cup shaped shield I62, said shield being connected as at I64 to one end oi the bi-metallic coil I66, the other end of said coil being connected as at I66 to the bushing 92. The shield I62 serves as a baliie for the thermostatic coil, preventing erosion as there is no direct impingement on the coil I66 oi the hot and cold water flowing into the mixing chamber II6. It further causes a better mixing of the hot and cold water before it reaches the. bi-metallic eoil whereby there is a tendency for the same temperature water to aiiect the entire coil, and said shield'being rotated by the metallic coil is the means for transmitting movement of the coil to the bushing I66. The thermostatic arm 6| is fixedly secured to the bushing I66 and is provided with the oppositely extending arms 96 aand 65 adapted to engage and move the resilient arms 81 and of relief spring I6I secured to arm M as at I63, the re silient arms engaging the valves I2 and I4 for control of the ports 62 and 16.

Assuming the handle 66 to be set in a predetermined position wherein the ports 62 and I6 are open, and the valves 34 and-36 are open-to admit the selected quantities of cold and hot water respectively to the mixing chamber H6, the pressure in chambers 46 and 56 will be a certain predetermined amount. The pressure in chamber II6, if water is flowing from port I6, is at a lesser pre-determined amount. Water from the chamber II6 will flow through the opened ports 62 and I6 into tube 56 and 64 and thus to the chambers 36- and 32. Leakage occurring around the valve pistons 26 and 26 will then cause no movement 0! the valves and 36 provided there I are no changes in the assumed conditions.

If, however, there is an increase in the temperature of the hot water flowing into chambers 66 and H6 the bi-metallic coil will be affected to rotate the shield I62 and consequently the thermostatic arm 6| in a clockwise direction (Figure 1) Thus the valve "will tend to close the port I6 and the valve I2 will tend to open farther the port 62.

Less water will, therefore, flow from the chamber into the chamber II6 through the tube 64 and channel 54 so that leakage past the piston 28 will raise the pressure in chamber 22. This increase in pressure will cause an upward movement of the valve 36 toward a closed position until'finally when the valve I4 completely closes the port I6, the valve 36 will be completely seated. This will occur until such time as the increase in cold water past the valve 34, which in the meantime will have opened due to its opposite action to the valve 36, the port 62 being open, will cause a reverse or clockwise movement of the shield I62 by the thermostatic coil I66 which willtend to close the port 62 and open the port I6. This will permit opening of the valve 36 and a movement of the valve 34 toward closed position but not to closed position. If, then, the mixture of hot water and cold water in the charmber'II6 is the set temperature, the valves will remain opened in their proper position. The opposite action will occur should there be an is no substantial movement ofvalve 36.

In the eventthereis an increase in pressure,

, for example, in the hot water line, so thatthe pressure in chamber 50 is increased, the slicetive area of the piston 28 (in the constructionillustrated) being substantially twice as large as that of the valve 36, the valve 36 will be moved slightly (substantially negligible) toward open position. This is aifected, however, aslaterdescribed, as actually there isno substantial .in-

crease in flow. The increased amount of hot water due to the increasein pressurewill-affect the bimetallic coil as above described, tendingto rotate the arm 9| in'a clockwisedirection tomove the valve I4 toward a position to close the port 16. This port, being closed or throttled, will causeless liquid to flow through the tube. 64 and the channel 54 from the chamber 32 and, therefore, the liquid leaking past the piston 28 will move the piston upwardly to move valve '36-toward closed position. Therefore, less-hot water will be supplied to the chamber III) and until the proper temperature is attained in the chamber III) the arm 6| will remain imposition controlled by the thermostat I06. When the desired temperature is attained the thermostat I66 willthen rotate the arm SI in a .counter-clockwisedirection to move valve I4 toward openposltion permitting the liquid to flow out of. the chamber 32 through channel 54-.and tube '64.

. This-then will open thevalve- 36-as above described in which position it will be maintained, provided the selected temperatureis maintained 1 in the chamber I III.

open due to the force exerted on the piston area being substantially twice as greatas the valve area. However, any such tendency of downward movement tends also to close the port 16,

so that the pressure in the chamber 32 ,is'built up to equalize that in chamber 56 so that there However, the pressure being increased will cause an increased ,flowof hot water into chamber III) and will affect the .bi-metallic coil tomove valve 36 to the closed position as above described. In the event the hot water valve 36 (for example) became stuck in fully open position, the hot water would affect .the thermostat which would tend to rotate in a clockwise direction to open the nozzle 62 to release the pressure below piston 36, causing the cold water valve to open. This would be permitted because of the resilient action of spring arm I6I.. Referring now to the valve assembly illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 v termed the fixed pilot valve type of water control, the assembly consists essentially of a valve housing or casing II2 having the cold water inlet II4, the hot water inlet H6 and the tempered water outlet H8. As before, the inlets III and H6 are adapted to be connected through water piston chamber I32and the-hot water pisv ton chamber I34. I I The pistons I26andI30=are respectively provided with the coldwater valve I36 and the. hot

"water valve'I38 connected to'said pistons by means of the stemsI4Ila-nd I42. The valves I36 and I38 :are adapted to be seated on seats I44 and I46, respectively, the seats beingseparated by means ofthe wall I48 whereby a cold water chamber ISO-and a-hot water chamber I52 is provided. Thepistons I'28and I:are so fitted that leakage occurs around the skirts thereof into the chambers I32-and I34.

The wall I48 is provided with the channel or passage I54 communicating with the chamber I32below the piston and said passage extends upwardly. and is provided with the bleed port tube I56 provided with the bleed port I58. Wall I48 is also provided "with' the channel or passage. I66

communicating with the chamber I34-below the piston I36 and said channel extendsupwardly' andis provided with the-bleed port tube I62 hav-- ing'thebleed port I64. The'tubes I56 and I62,

respectively, are provided with the bleed or pilot valve members I66 -and- I66 adapted to have cooperative engagement with the ports I58 and I64" of the tubes I56 ancl'l62.

The housing I I-2flsj'provided with the end closure or :bonnet I lbs-in whichthecontrol shaft I12'Lis'journaled, the "control shaft beingnon-rm ingihandlev I I4 disposed outwardly of said bonnet and being rotatable between the positions determini-ngthe degree; of temperature of the liquid delivered. 'Iheextrem positions of the handle aredeterminedby engagement betweenthe stop I16 provided .on the handleand stop I16 provided on the bonnet. The handle is provided with the index-I66 readable against a dial (not shown) provided onthe cover plate I82.

-Stufiing box. I84 is providedon thebonnehand shaft I12 .is.providedwith the gear I86 disposed inwardly of'the housing and meshing with'the' gear I68 nonrotatably provided on the bushing I96. A spring I92 is interposed between thegear I86 and the bonnet. to take up any lost motion between gears I68'and'I86; The bushing I60 is rotatably mounted on the pin I94 carriedbythe bonnet; said ,pinbeing-provided-with a smallerprojection I96 on which .the bushing I68is rotatably-mounted. The bushing-l98 is non-rotatably. providedwith a cup-shape shield v.266, said shieldb'eingconnected as at 262 'to one endof the bi-metallic coil 264, the-other end of said coil be extending. arms 266 and2IIl. Arm 268 is pivotally v connected as at2l2 to the link 2M, which in turn a suitable piping (not shown) to their respective I28 andthe hot water piston I36, said pistons and cylinders forming, respectively, the cold is-pivotally connected as at 2 I6-t0 the outer end of lever. 2J8. .The lever 2I8 is pivotaily connected as at 220, intermediate the ends thereof,

to the stem 222-fixedtothe valve I36, and the inner end of said-lever 216 is adapted to contact i the valve I66. Arm 2I6'is pivotally connected as at 224'tothelink'226ythe opposite end of said link being pivoted as at 228 to theouter end of lever 2356. The lever "230 is pivotally iconnected as at 232, intermediate the ends thereof, to thevalve-:stem 234 aiiixed to the valve I38==and the inner end of lever "2361s adapted'to' have cooperative engagement with valve I68. Thus the certain predetermined amount. If water is flowing through the port I I8, the pressure in chamber 236 will bea lesser-predeterminedamount than that in chambers I50 and I52. Water from chambers I32 and! will flow through passages I54 and I56 and ports I58 and I64 into chamber 236, and the leakage which occurs past the pistons I28 and "I30 will then cause no movement of the valves I36 and I38 providedthere are no changes inthe assumed conditions.v

If,-however, there are changes, such as have already been described, with respect to the valve said cold liquid inlet and a cylindfl' dis ed adjacent said hot liquid inlet, a piston slidably mounted in each of said cylinders, the pistons being separate whereby they are capable of independent movement with respect to each other, a valve seat adjacent each inlet providing with said casing and pistons, respectively, a cold liquid chamber and a hot liquid chamber, said pistons being fitted to permit leakage from the adjacent hot and cold liquid chambers to the space below said pistons, thereby tending to close said valves, a valve associated witheach piston operated by the associated piston for seating on the respective seats, each valve being operable separately by its associated piston said casing having a mixing chamber between said'seats and outlet, thermostatic means in said mixing chamber for regushown in Figures 1 and 2, the ports I56 and I 64 a will be affected, due to the operation of the thermostatic coil. That is, rotation of the thermostatic arm 201 in a clockwise direction, for example, causes the lever 230 to tend to close the port I6lthrough the valve I68, thus causing upwardmovement of the valve I38 in the manner already described. The valve I36 will tend to open and the device will seek'a position of equilibrium. This device will also operate in the same manner, whether ailecte'd by temperature or pressure,- as already described with respect to the assembly'illustrated'in Figures land-2a The linkage isme'rely used as the tubes I56 and I62 are fixed, and, of course, the ratio of the arms ot the linkage may be-varied to "obtain varying degrees of operation of the valvesI66'and I66.

It is-tobe understood that I do not wish to be limited by the exact embodiments of the device shown, wh'ichare merely byway of illustration and not limitation as various and other forms of the devic will, of course, be apparentgto those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

"-I. claim:

"1. 'In a device of the character described, the combination of a casing having a cold liquid inlet, a hot liquid inlet,-a nd a mixed liquid outlet, said casing having a cylinder disposed adjacent said cold liquid inlet and a cylinder disposed-adlacent said "hot liquid inlet, a piston sildably mounted in each of said cylinders, the pistons being separate whereby'they are capable of inde-' pendent movement with respect to each other, a valve seat adjacent each inlet providing with said ,easinggnd pistons, respectively, a cold liquid chamber and a hot liquid chamber, said pistons being fitted to permit leakage from the adjacent hot and cold liquid chambersto the space below said pistons, thereby tending to close said valves,

a-valve associated with each piston operated by the associated piston for seating on the respective seats, each valve being operable separately by its associated piston, said casing having a mixing chamber between said seats and outlet, thermostatic means in said mixing chambenfor regulating said valves, and means extending into the lating said valves, and means extending into the mixing chamber communicating with the cylinder spaces below the Pistons and movable with the respective valves and controlled by said thermostat for connecting the mixing chamber to the cylinder spaces below the piston.

3. In a device of the character described, the combination of a casinghaving a cold liquid inlet, a hot liquid inlet, and a mixed liquid outlet, said casing having acylinder disposed adjacent said cold liquid inlet and a cylinder disposed adjacent said hot liquid inlet, a piston slidably mounted in each of said cylinders, the pistons being separate whereby they are capable of independent movement with respect to each other a valve seat adjacent each inlet providing with said casing and pistons, respectively, a cold liquid chamber and a hot liquid chamber, said pistons being fitted to permit leakage from the adjacent hot and cold liquid chambers to the space below said piston,

' thereby tending to close said valves, a valve associated with each piston operated by the associated piston for seating on the respective seats,

each valve being operable separately by its asso-' 'below the pistons and spaced from the respective valves'and controlled by said thermostat for connecting the mixing chamber to the cylinder spaces below the piston.

4. 'In a device of the character described the combination of a casing having a cold liquid inlet, a hotliquid inlet and a mixed liquid outlet,

2. pair of cylinders each closed at one end, a piston mounted in each cylinder, the pistons being separate whereby they are capable of independent movement with respect to each other one of said pistons being adjacent said cold liquid inlet and the other of said pistons being adjacent the hot liquid inlet, the space between the pistons and the cylinder closures forming cold and hot liquid piston chambers, respectively, means forming a valve port having a valve seat adjacent each inlet where cold and hot liquid chambers are formed respectively, the space above said seats forming a mixing chamber, a separate valve connected to each piston and adapted to control the respective ports, each valve being operable separately by the piston connected thereto said pistons being fitted to permit leakage from the cold and hot liquid chambers to the respective piston chambers, thereby tending to close the valves, the efiective area of the pistons in said liquid chambers being a predetermined amount larger than the-effective port area, a bushing rotatably mounted on said mixing chamber, means disposed outwardly of "the casing for rotating said bushing,,a cup rotatably mounted with respectto said bushing, a thermostatic element mounted in saidcup, one end of said element'being secured to said bushing and the other end being secured to-said cupwhereby movement-of said element in. response to temperature changes moves the cup with respect to said bushing, and means con trolled by movement of the cup for" controlling movement of saidpistons.

5. In a device of thecharacter describedthe combination ofa casing having a cold liquid incombination'of a-casing having a cold liquid inlet, zahot-liquid inlet and a m'ixedliquid outlet, 8, pair of cylinders each "closed at one end, a piston mounteduin each cylinder, one of said pistons being'adjacentsaid cold liquid inlet and the other oi' said, pistons :being adjacent the hot liquidinlet,

the space between-the pistons and the'cylinder closures formingcold'andhot-liquid piston cham- -bers, respectively,-- means forming a'valve port 10, having a valvexseatxadjacent ,eachinlet where 'cold and hot liquid chambers are formed, respectively, the spaceabovesaid seats forming a mixlet, a hot liquid inlet, and a mixed liquid outlet,; 7

said casing having a, cylinder disposed adjacent said cold liquid inlet and a cylinder disposedadjacent said hot liquid inlet, a piston slidably ing chamberpavalve'connectedto each piston and adapted to controlthe respective. ports, said pistons'being fitted to permit leakage from the cold and hot liquidschambers to"the respective mounted in each of said cylindera'the pistons being separate whereby they are capable of hidependent movement with respect toeach other a "valve seat adjacent-each inlet providing'with said casing and pistons, respectively, a cold-"liquid chamber and a hot liquid chamber, said pistons being fitted to permit leakage from the adjacent hot and cold liquid chambers to the space below,

said piston, thereby tending-to close said valves, a valve associated with each piston operated'by the associated piston for seating on the respective seats, each valve being operable separately by its associated piston said casing having a mixing chamber between said seats and outlet, thermostatic means in said mixing chamber for regulating said valves, and means extending into the the space between the'pistons and the cylinder closures forming cold and hot liquid piston chambers, respectively, means forming a-valve port having a valve seat adjacent each inlet where cold and hot liquid chambers are formed respectively, the space above said seats forming a mixing chamber, a valve connected to each piston and adapted to control the respective ports, said pistons being fitted to permit leakage from the cold and hot liquid chambers to the respective piston chambers, thereby tending toclose the valves, the efiective area of the pistons in said" liquid chambers being a, predetermined amount larger thanthe effective port area, a bushing rotatably mounted on said mixing chamber, means disposed outwardly of the casing for rotating said bushing, a cup rotatably mounted with respect to said bushing, a thermostatic element mounted in said cup, one end of said element being secured to said bushing and the other end being secured to said cup whereby movement of said element in response to temperature changes moves the cup with respect to said bushing, and

means controlled by movement of the cup for controlling movement of said pistons, said last named means comprising a valve control member -.piston chambers,.-thereby tending-to close the valves, the efiectiverarea of the pistons in said liquid chambers being a predetermined amount '20" tatably' mounted on saidtmi-xing chamber, means disposed outwardlyof: the casing forrotating said larger than theeifective port area, a bushing robusl-ling; 'a cupmotatably mounted with respect to said bushinga'agthermostatic element'mounted in-said cup one end ofzsaid. element being secured to said. bushing .and the other end being secured to said cup whereby movementofsaid element in response to temperature changes moves the cup with respect to' said bushing, and means controlled by movement ofthe cupfor controlling -movement of said pistons, said last named means I comprising valve controlled passages in said casing for supplying liquid from said cold and hot liquid piston chambers to said mixing chamber.,

8. In a device of the character described, the combination of a casing having a cold liquid inlet, a hot liquid inlet and a mixed liquid outlet, a pair of cylinders each closed at one end, a piston mounted in each cylinder one or said pistons being adjacentsaid cold liquid inlet and the other of said pistons being adjacent the hot liquid inlet, the space between the pistons and the cylinder closures forming cold and hot liquid piston chambers, respectively, means forming a valve port having a valve seat adjacent each inlet where cold and hot liquid chambers are formed respectively, the space above said seats forming a mixing chamber, a valve connected to each piston and adapted to control the respective ports, said pistons being fitted to permit leakage from the cold and hot liquidchambers to the respective piston chambers, thereby tending to close the valves, the effective area of the pistons in said liquid chambers being a predetermined amount end being secured to said cup whereby movement of said element in response to temperature changes moves the cup with respect to said bushing, and means controlled by movement of the cup for controlling movement of said pistons, said last named means comprising valve controlled passages in said casing for supplying liquid from said cold and hot liquid piston chambers to said'mixing chamber, said last named valves being controlled by a linkage connected to said cup and said first named valves.

9. In a device of the character described, the combination of a casing having a cold liquid inlet, a hot liquid inletand a mixed liquid outlet, 9, pair 11 of cylinders each closed at one end, a piston mounted in each cylinder, one of said pistons being adjacent said'cold liquid inlet and the other of said pistons being adjacrjt the hot liquid inlet, the space between the pistons and the cylinder closures forming cold and hot liquid piston chambers, respectively, meansiormlng a valve port having a valve seat adjacent each inlet where icold'and hot liquid chambers are termed respectively, the space above said seats forming a mixing chamber, a valve connected to each piston and adapted tolcontrol therespectiveports,-said pistons being. fitted to permit leakage from the cold and hot liquid chambers to the respective piston chambers, thereby tendinstorclose the Valves,'theeffective area of the pistons in said liquidlchambers being a predetermined amount larger than the eflective port area, a bushing rotatably mounted on said mixing chamber,

.means disposed outwardlvot the casing for rotating said bushing, :a cup rotatably mounted with respect to said'bushing, a thermostatic element mounted in said cup, one end or said element'being secured to said bushing and the other end being secured to said cup whereby movement 7 of said element in response to temperature changes moves the cup with respect to said bushing, and means controlled by movement of the w cup for controlling movement of said pistons,

said last named means comprising valve controlled passages in said casing for supplying liquid from said cold and hot liquid piston chambers to said mixing chamber, said last named valves being controlled by levers engaging said last named valves, respectively, and being pivotally mounted on the respective first named valves, and an arm fixed to said cup and pivoted to said last named levers. RICHARD CARL KIRCHHOFF.

REFERENCES CITED .The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

